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Tools & Techniques

Drupal for NGOs at Development House

October 24, 2008

Conferences | Friends & Allies | HOW TO | Tools & Techniques

Drupal for NGOs - October 2008

Thanks for coming out to Drupal for NGOs at Development House last night! Those were some great presentations (from Anna Feldman of GreenNet, David Gildeh on the work he did for Ashoka and Thomas Muirhead of Macmillan Cancer Support)!

And speaking of presentations, I'm thinking maybe next month we shouldn't have any presentations — instead, I'm thinking we should run a couple of workshops, or run an open space meeting around how we can really start to benefit from being part of this community we've built over the last few months. Let me think about it some more. Watch for details here and/or on the Drupal UK site!

Drupal for NGOs - October 2008 - scary faces

Happy Halloween!

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Posted by Rob at 09:37 AM | Comments [0]

Drupal for NGOs at Comic Relief

October 01, 2008

Conferences | Friends & Allies | HOW TO | Tools & Techniques

Drupal for NGOs at Comic Relief

Just a quick post to thank everyone for coming out to Drupal for NGOs on Monday — great to see/meet you! You are one motley crew (see above).

Thanks as well to our presenters, Oliver McColl of GCAP and Francesco Moretto, and to the very nice people at Comic Relief UK for hosting us! Thank you all :)

Preparations for our October meeting are now underway — watch for details here and/or on the Drupal UK site!

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Posted by Rob at 01:54 PM | Comments [0]

Drupal for NGOs - September 2008

August 26, 2008

Conferences | Friends & Allies | HOW TO | Tools & Techniques

Drupal for NGOs

Alright! The next meeting of Drupal for NGOs will be held at the Comic Relief UK offices near Vauxhall 34 days from today!

Presentations for September are TBD (and please contact me if you'd like to present) — watch the event page or the Eventbrite registration page for more details as things come together :)

If you can't make the meeting but want to join us at the pub afterwards, we'll be at the Morpeth Arms (and thank you, Dan Duke of Comic Relief, for the recommendation).

UPDATE: Oliver MacColl of GCAP will present! Still looking for one more presenter. Francesco Moretto will travel from Milan to present on using CiviCRM with Drupal! 18 11 4 tickets remain The event is now sold out!

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Posted by Rob at 03:49 PM | Comments [0]

Drupal for NGOs - July 2008

July 03, 2008

Conferences | Friends & Allies | HOW TO | Tools & Techniques

Drupal for NGOs at Amnesty International

Alright! The next meeting of Drupal for NGOs will be held at the Greenpeace UK offices in Islington 19 days from today!

Check out the Drupal for NGOs group Robert Castelo set up for us on the Drupal UK site, create an account if you haven't already and comment on the event page so we know how many people to expect (last month we had more than 50 and it was awesome).

Presentations for this month are TBD — watch the event page for more details as things come together :)

UPDATE: Owen Pringle of Amnesty International and Ben Steele, Ben Alexander and Martin Gill of Comic Relief will present!

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Posted by Rob at 08:50 AM | Comments [0]

HOW TO Set SMART Objectives

June 24, 2008

HOW TO | Projects | Scrum | Tools & Techniques

A couple of months ago I mentioned I'd started working with Concern Worldwide on a pretty massive Drupal/CiviCRM project and was excited about the work we'd done in defining our objectives. We're now just one week away from completing our first development sprint, and although I'm pretty much all about that at this point, I still want to write about the objectives we've set for the project (and especially today — long story but I had to bow out of my faculty position at Social Tech Training in Toronto this week where I was meant to lead a session on setting objectives... Christopher Roy has kindly agreed to deliver the session on my behalf and I guess writing this now is partly an attempt to be there in spirit).

Notwithstanding the fact that many project teams very often forget or intentionally skip setting objectives, taking the time to set them is important for a number of reasons:

  • Objectives help project teams focus
  • Objectives get people "on the same page"
  • Objectives help define "what done looks like"
  • Objectives allow us to evaluate project outcomes

Collective focus on project outcomes is pretty critical to project success, and setting objectives allows us to achieve collective focus, so we set them. That is, we should set them — a lot of teams don't set objectives because they find it hard, or because they don't know how, or because they'd rather just "get on with it" (and deal with the consequences later — bad).

To make setting objectives on your projects easier, I've done a bit of research and put together the following step-by-step instructions. Enjoy!

Step 1. Understand organisational/program goals

Back in 2006, I don't think I really understood the difference between objectives and goals. This is pretty (embarrassingly) clear if you go back and look at the "objectives" set for the Drupal migration project I worked on with Greenpeace UK that year. Those weren't objectives; those were goals. Goals and objectives are different1:

  • Goals are broad; objectives are narrow
  • Goals are general; objectives are specific
  • Goals are long term; objectives are short term
  • Goals cannot be measured; objectives are measurable

Objectives map onto goals. And once met, objectives contribute to the achievement of goals. So before you set project objectives, you should really understand the overarching goals of the organisation undertaking the project, or the goals of the program of which the project is a part. Right?

The project I'm working on right now with Concern is part of its "Next-Generation Web" (NGW) program (i.e. it is one of many projects to be undertaken by Concern as part of the NGW program), which has the following goals:

  1. To create a world-class NGO web presence; and
  2. To continuously meet or exceed the needs of Concern supporters.

To contribute to the achievement of these goals by a certain date and for a certain amount of money, we've set some narrow, specific, short term and measurable objectives for our project :)

Step 2. Define SMART objectives

Narrow, specific, short term and measurable objectives are good, but SMART2 objectives are even better. SMART objectives are objectives that are:

  1. Specific — they describe a specific outcome
  2. Measurable — they are linked to a rate, number, percentage or frequency
  3. Achievable — with a reasonable amount of effort, they can actually be achieved
  4. Relevant — the people involved have the necessary knowledge, authority and skill
  5. Time-based — they include clearly defined finish and/or start dates

With Concern we've used the following format for defining our SMART project objectives, which I think has worked well and which I recommend using:

By [INSERT DATE], [INSERT WHO] will have [INSERT WHAT] resulting in [INSERT RESULTS] by [INSERT DATE].

Without the actual values inserted the above doesn't seem to have a lot of, well, value, I realise — here are the three SMART objectives we set for our project (I've removed the measurements because they're for internal use only at this point, but you'll get the picture):

  1. By the end of August 2008, Concern's main site (http://concern.net) will have been re-designed, re-built, user-tested, integrated with new and/or existing e-communications, CRM and backend systems and re-launched to the public, resulting in X.X million unique website visits by December 2009
  2. By the end of November 2008, 4 Concern campaign sites will have been re-designed, re-built, user-tested, integrated with new and/or existing backend systems and re-launched to the public, generating online campaign donations of € X.X million by February 2009
  3. By the end of November 2008, Concern will have designed, built, user-tested, integrated with new and/or existing backend systems and launched user account management and personalisation services within Concern's main site, which, by December 2009, will result in a XX% increase in e-newsletter and RSS subscriptions, visitors staying XX% longer on the sites and XXX more personal fundraising pages being created

It took us a bit of time to figure these out, a bit of discipline, but we got through it, and once done, we were able to validate our work by testing for SMARTness :)

Step 3. Test SMART objectives

Once you've written your SMART project objectives, it's good to test them as a team, or even better, with stakeholders on the project but external to the core team (i.e. those who may influence outcomes but who are not part of the day-to-day). Get them in a room or on the phone with you and test each objective one by one. Like so3:

  • Is each objective specific? Ask these questions:
    • What exactly are we going to do, with and for whom?
    • Is it clear who is involved?
    • Is the intended outcome clear?
  • Is each objective measurable? Ask these questions:
    • How will we know the intended change has occurred?
    • Can these measurements be obtained?
  • Is each objective achievable? Ask these questions:
    • Can we get it done in the proposed timeframe?
    • Can we do this with the resources we have?
    • Is this even possible?
  • Is each objective relevant? Ask these questions:
    • Can the people with whom the objective has been set make an impact on the situation?
    • Do they have the necessary knowledge, authority and skill?
  • Is each objective time-based? Ask this question:
    • When will this objective be accomplished?

One of the huge benefits to going through a process like this is determining whether the objectives you've set for your project are relevant — in my experience when teams do set objectives they often set them for people other than themselves, objectives they don't actually have the ability to achieve (e.g. objectives having to do with organisational changes they'd like to see happen but can't really influence). That and measurability. You've got to set measurable objectives. Even though you could be long gone before the outcomes of your project become measurable. SMART objectives are measurable if nothing else :)

Download this post as a PDF: PDF document HOW TO Set SMART Objectives (108 KB)

Endnotes:
1Goal vs. Objective — Difference and Comparison (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2008, from http://www.diffen.com/difference/Goal_vs_Objective.
2SMART (project management) (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_(project_management).
3Setting SMART Objectives (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2008, from http://www.thepracticeofleadership.net/2006/03/11/setting-smart-objectives/.

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Posted by Rob at 08:56 AM | Comments [2]

Drupal for NGOs - June 2008

June 04, 2008

Friends & Allies | HOW TO | Tools & Techniques

Drupal for NGOs

Check out the justice: Tom MacWright and Eric Gundersen of Development Seed have contributed a logo we can use to promote Drupal for NGOs. Thanks so much for this, guys!

Next Tuesday, June 10 at 18:00 the International Secretariat of Amnesty International will be hosting the first meeting of Drupal for NGOs — I'm so excited (and I just can't hide it).

The agenda has been set — Tracy Frauzel of Greenpeace UK will present their Drupal-powered site and talk about their future development plans, and Joel Bassuk of Oxfam International will join us live from Oxford via Skype video to talk about their Drupal project, currently underway. Nearly 30 people have said they're attending on the Upcoming event page (make sure to do the same if you're planning to be there), and the late-breaking news is that we'll also be joined by members of a local CiviCRM users group as well. Should be a good night :)

Can't wait — see you there!

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Posted by Rob at 09:42 AM | Comments [0]

Agile Project Management training with Make Your Mark

May 30, 2008

Friends & Allies | Tools & Techniques | Training

Make Your Mark training participants

Great morning on Tuesday of this week — I was invited by my good friend and colleague Dr. Dan McQuillan to deliver a half-day training on Agile Project Management to the folks at Make Your Mark here in London. It was really interesting — many of the projects going on there are non-technical and it was the first time I'd presented Agile concepts/methods to a non-technical crowd. We spent the first half of the session talking about Agile basics, principles and practices and the second half discussing how the three might be applied to Make Your Mark projects. It might be difficult for Make Your Mark to release versions of an event iteratively, but we did identify opportunities for them to "institute learning and adaptation" :)

Thanks again for having me, Make Your Mark — I had a great time meeting you and hope to see you all again sometime!

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Posted by Rob at 10:42 AM | Comments [2]

Social Tech Training - Toronto

May 05, 2008

Conferences | Friends & Allies | Time Management | Tools & Techniques | Training

Social Tech Training

Next month I'm heading home to Toronto to participate in Social Tech Training, a three-day, hands-on, Web 2.0-oriented learning intensive for people working in the social change sector, presented by members of the Web of Change community in partnership with MaRS.

A whole bunch of people I really admire and respect are going to be there, I get to present on what I'm really, really into at the moment and I expect to meet dozens of people doing amazing and interesting work — it should be awesome :)

Hope to see you there!

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Posted by Rob at 10:12 AM | Comments [0]

Drupal for NGOs

April 29, 2008

Friends & Allies | HOW TO | Tools & Techniques

druplicon.gif

Last year when I was finishing up my work with Greenpeace UK and about to begin development with Amnesty International I thought "Hey, I should really introduce the Greenpeace UK web team to the Amnesty web team — they're both going to be using Drupal and there are bound to be opportunities for knowledge sharing. Maybe even co-development!"

I'd been talking to Oxfam International at the time as well and now they're moving to Drupal (and there's Comic Relief who I know run at least one Drupal site and Concern Worldwide who I'm working with now) — there are a lot of NGOs in the UK (and nearby) who are using Drupal and who could benefit from meeting up face-to-face on a monthly or bi-monthly basis to share information and experiences.

And I'm happy to report that it now looks like this is definitely going to happen!

Some time in early June, possibly at the Amnesty office on Easton Street but definitely in London, a group of people from a number of the organisations mentioned above and myself will be hosting the first meeting of Drupal for NGOs: an approximately 2 hour get together (followed by drinks at a nearby pub) to talk about Drupal, which contributed modules we're using, what our experiences have been and, I hope, what our plans are for the future.

PLUS: it may be the case that Jeff Robbins of Lullabot will be in town at the same time and will deliver a bit of a keynote to the group following on from his "How Drupal Will Save the World" post last year.

If you're interested in attending, please comment here or send me an email. I'll create an event in Upcoming once the details have been finalised and post an official announcement here and on the Drupal UK users site.

Huzzah!

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Posted by Rob at 02:23 PM | Comments [8]

Delivering on Time and Budget at NTC 2008

March 12, 2008

Conferences | Friends & Allies | Scrum | Tools & Techniques | Training

NTC 2008

Next week I'm heading to New Orleans! I've been invited to present at NTC 2008 so I'm making the long haul and staying for just under a week. I've invited Jenn Sramek of CivicActions to co-present with me — we're going to talk about how we worked together on amnesty.org last year. Here's a description of our session, Project Management for Techies: Delivering on Time and Budget — hope to see you there!

When time and budget are constrained, scope must be variable.

To deliver nonprofit technology projects in a fixed amount of time and for a fixed amount of money, project scope – the work to be performed by the project team – cannot also be fixed; the product of projects with fixed timelines and budgets must be determined up-front or over the course of the project, given project constraints.

In this session, we’ll take a look at two fundamentally different approaches to managing this challenge – the waterfall method (sometimes referred to as "traditional" software development) and Scrum (an "Agile" method), and talk about the implications of each on project management in a nonprofit context.

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Posted by Rob at 05:40 PM | Comments [0]

Managing Nonprofit Technology Projects

January 09, 2008

Conferences | Friends & Allies | Scrum | Tools & Techniques

Today I'm heading to New York City to attend Managing Nonprofit Technology Projects, a sold-out, first-of-its-kind, two-day not-for-profit technology project management conference hosted by Aspiration and Idealware. Needless to say I am psyched — I've wanted to participate in a conference like this one for a very long time :)

I get to facilitate three sessions while I'm there as well — one called PM Principles: Values-Based Project Management (where I'll pick up where I left off at Web of Change last fall), another called The Art and Science of Defining Scope (run don't walk) and another called Agile Project Management (where I'll be keen to share some of the things I learned last year managing Project IMPACT for Amnesty using Scrum).

I'm also very excited to meet Laura S. Quinn (who I've spoken to over Skype but never met in person) and Gunner (who I've heard is the single best facilitator in nptech). Thoughts and photos when I return :)

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Posted by Rob at 11:09 AM | Comments [1]

Six Views of Project Management Software

November 07, 2007

Friends & Allies | Tools & Techniques

idealware

A couple weeks back I got to speak with Laura S. Quinn of idealware (w00t!) about an article she was writing for the good people at TechSoup called Six Views of Project Management Software (and thanks, Heather Gardner-Madras, for making the connection there).

The article provides a really nice overview of the kinds of things not-for-profit project managers and teams might need software tools to help them do and is up on TechSoup now — check it out!

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Posted by Rob at 10:04 AM | Comments [0]

SANGONeT ICTs Conference 2007

July 13, 2007

Conferences | Friends & Allies | Tools & Techniques | Training

SANGONeT

Next week I get to present at SANGONeT's third annual "ICTs for Civil Society" conference in Johannesburg, South Africa!

I was scheduled to be in Johannesburg to deliver my Project Management for NGOs training for the African members of the APC later the same week, Matthew de Gale of SANGONeT was looking for someone to present on how NGOs can benefit from using RSS, someone from the APC mentioned me and I'm in! And my good friend Katrin Verclas of NTEN will be there as well! Magic. I'll be sure to report back with my photos and learnings :)

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Posted by Rob at 05:21 PM | Comments [2]

Online Strategy, Tactics & Tools

August 31, 2006

Friends & Allies | Projects | Tools & Techniques

Online strategy session with EchoDitto

Great week for the Greenpeace UK CMS project this week — Cristen Perks, Michael Silberman and Tom Lee of EchoDitto were here in London to take us through 2 intense days of strategic planning meetings which IMHO went really, really well and got all of us excited about the phases of work we're about to begin.

For me, our most interesting discussions were around the idea of trusted networks; that people trust their friends first, experts second and celebrities third. With this in mind, and with Drupal as our platform, how should we redesign the site; what tools can we provide Greenpeace UK supporters that would allow them to leverage their trusted networks to help Greenpeace UK achieve its goals?

We came up with some interesting ideas — more later as things progress :)

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Posted by Rob at 04:39 PM | Comments [0]

Greenpeace UK CRM Requirements

August 14, 2006

HOW TO | Projects | Tools & Techniques

Greenpeace CRM team

For the last 6 weeks I've been working with a team of 7 Greenpeace UK staff to refine the objectives and prioritise the requirements for a constituent relationship management system GPUK plans to implement (we'd originally planned to spend 5 weeks on this activity but made the decision to spend more time on the requirements definition piece).

This week, we're making the final revisions to our list of prioritised functional requirements and must-have non-functional requirements, at which point I'll post them here and solicit your feedback and recommendations — GPUK already has a centralised (but offline) supporter data warehouse they run reports from using Cognos; what they're looking to do now is implement a CRM system that integrates what they already have with their website, which they'll be migrating to Drupal in parallel.

More later :)

UPDATE: this project is on hold until some resourcing issues can be worked out (and until then, I'm not able to post the requirements list mentioned above).

UPDATE 2: I'm no longer working on this project, although it will be continuing (I believe my friend and colleague Sue Fidler will be working with GPUK to complete the next phase of work).

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Posted by Rob at 03:55 PM | Comments [6]

Dotmocracy Facilitation with the AI IEP

July 31, 2006

HOW TO | Projects | Tools & Techniques

Dotmocracy at Amnesty International

As I mentioned a few weeks back, I've been working with the Internet and E-Communications Programme (IEP) team at the International Secretariat of Amnesty International to organise and plan a 2 year work programme for the IEP — one that best meets the objectives they've set for themselves and that gives them better visibility into what is actually achievable given their staff and resource constraints.

Last week I met with the team for the day to do two things: to come up with ways the IEP can better manage its ongoing operations (i.e. those repetitive tasks that must be done but never end like keeping site content up-to-date) and to begin to prioritise its projects (those temporary endeavours undertaken to produce unique results like replacing the CMS used to keep site content up-to-date).

To accomplish the former, we used dotmocracy, an equal opportunity and participatory group decision-making process my colleague and friend Jason Diceman introduced me to a couple of years ago. I'd never facilitated a dotmocracy session before, so I read the most recent version of the handbook, got some last minute instruction and advice from Jason himself, and it ended up working out really well — the group came up with more than a dozen proposals (ideas) for improving the ongoing operations of the IEP, which, once dotted, we were able to sort in order of agreement and begin to develop action plans and next steps around. A highly recommended experience :)

Check out Jason's site/company, Co-op Tools, for more on the process or to get him into your organisation to facilitate a session.

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Posted by Rob at 03:43 PM | Comments [0]

Programme Planning With Amnesty International

July 09, 2006

Projects | Time Management | Tools & Techniques

amnesty.gif

Two weeks ago I started working with the Internet and E-Communications Programme (IEP) team at the International Secretariat of Amnesty International (and thank you, David Heath, for recommending me; I've wanted to work with Amnesty since starting Important Projects and am extremely excited to be doing so now) — prior to beginning a CMS replacement project very similar to the one I'm currently working on with Greenpeace UK, I'm working with the IEP to organise and plan a 2 year work programme designed to both meet their defined goals and objectives and give them better visibility into what is actually achievable given their staff and resource constraints.

I'll post more as things progress, but in the meantime, thanks, Dan and Helena, for the opportunity to work with you and your team. I'm really looking forward to the work ahead :)

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Posted by Rob at 10:13 PM | Comments [0]

"E-Business" Requirements Prioritisation With Greenpeace

June 29, 2006

HOW TO | Projects | Tools & Techniques

the E-Business Requirements team

Today was the first meeting of the Greenpeace UK "E-Business" requirements prioritisation team (pictured above — and thanks for posing for the photo, people).

We met to kick-off a 5 week requirements definition and prioritisation project — really a sub-project of a larger project Greenpeace UK has undertaken to provide supporters with the ability to manage their relationships with Greenpeace online.

We'll be following a requirements definition and prioritisation process really similar to the one the web team and I followed on the Greenpeace UK CMS project (and when I say similar I mean identical but with improvements gleaned from our experience in engaging with the Plone and Drupal communities throughout that process).

Gideon, Joss, Katie and Tracy — thanks for your time today and I look forward to working with you on this very exciting and important project :)

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Posted by Rob at 07:39 PM | Comments [2]

Plone & Drupal Evaluations

May 12, 2006

Projects | Tools & Techniques

Today we performed the last two of the three open source product/feature evaluations we're conducting as part the Greenpeace UK CMS project — Jean-Paul Ladage of Zest Software in the Netherlands took us through a presentation and demonstration of Plone this morning, and Dan Robinson of CivicActions in California did likewise with Drupal this afternoon. Thank you, Jean-Paul and Dan, for the time and effort you both put into your presentations — they were fantastic :)

Our next steps now are to review and interpret the results of all three evaluations, consider the "non-functional" requirements we've identified that will also impact our final decision (e.g. cost, time, strength of community, our product roadmap, etc.), and to plan the next phases of the project given all of the above. To do so, we need to work with a number of people from within Greenpeace and beyond...more later as things progress :)

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Posted by Rob at 04:43 PM | Comments [2]

Planet 2 Evaluation

May 04, 2006

Projects | Tools & Techniques

Planet 2 evaluation

Today the Greenpeace UK web team performed the first of three open source CMS product evaluations we'll be conducting over the next couple of weeks — Greenpeace International took us through a 2 hour presentation/demonstration of Planet 2, the OpenACS-based CMS used by over 20 Greenpeace National Regional Offices. Thank you, Martin and Tom, for putting together your presentation and addressing all of our questions :)

In terms of the process we're following at this point, our top 35 requirements have been dropped into our feature evaluation spreadsheet (see Figure 1, below), where team members will assign numeric scores for each requirement during product presentations/demonstrations. As with our requirements scores, our feature scores will be averaged when they're all in, which will then be translated into an overall letter grade (e.g. B-, C+, A) for each product.

Planet 2 evaluation
Figure 1 — scoring products by requirement.

Our Drupal/CivicSpace and Plone evaluations are still to come — stay tuned for more!

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Posted by Rob at 05:17 PM | Comments [0]

Prioritised CMS Requirements for Greenpeace UK

April 23, 2006

Projects | Tools & Techniques

About a month ago, I posted the list of six activities the Greenpeace UK web team and I plan to perform by the beginning of June. So far, we've completed the first three:

We've also chosen the 3 open source CMS products we plan to evaluate given our prioritised requirements, and they are (in alphabetical order):

  1. Drupal;
  2. OpenACS (or rather, the current Greenpeace International implementation of OpenACS, "Planet 2"); and
  3. Plone
Our next step, then, is to reach out to members of each of these communities, and to ask for their help as we conduct our evaluation. Specifically, we're looking for consultants from each community to take us through a demonstration of each respective system, so we can score all 3 based on how well they meet each of our critical and high priority requirements.

So without further ado, our prioritised requirements: Excel spreadsheet Prioritised CMS Requirements for Greenpeace UK (741 KB)

If you're an experienced Drupal or Plone shop (we'll work with Greenpeace International on the Planet 2/OpenACS front) and are interested in working with us on this, please comment here or send me an email — rob[at]importantprojects[dot]co[dot]uk.

And thanks!

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Posted by Rob at 10:03 PM | Comments [0]

HOW TO Prioritise Requirements (Part II)

April 22, 2006

HOW TO | Projects | Tools & Techniques

...continued from HOW TO Prioritise Requirements (Part I)

Step 3. Define Requirements

Once you've defined and weighted the organisational objectives your project is being undertaken to address, and you've identified and weighted the user types the project is meant to serve, define the requirements for the software you're planning to implement with your objectives and users in mind. On the Greenpeace UK CMS project, we started by looking at the PMBOK's definition for requirement:

Requirement. A condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system, product, service, result, or component to satisfy a contract, standard, or specification.1

Given this, and looking back on the notes from our away day in February, we developed a list of over 100 conditions and/or capabilities the new Greenpeace UK CMS must meet or possess in order to achieve our organisational objectives and to satisfy our user types.

Each requirement was given an ID, and documented using a technique Martin Lloyd of Greenpeace International suggested we try, which phrases requirements like so: "As a [select user type] I would like to [describe what you would like to do] so that [describe why you would like to do it]" (see Figure 3, below). This worked extremely well for us — it really helped us to define our requirements so that they were easy to understand (and/or to identify the ones that needed to be clarified).

defining requirements

Figure 3 — defining requirements.

Step 4. Score Requirements

Next comes the fun part. Once you have a set of requirements your team members have all had a hand in developing, ask each member of the team to score them based on how well they help achieve the organisational objectives you've defined and how well they help meet the needs of the user types you've identified (see Figure 4, below). We had a list of 90 requirements (pared down over time through discussion), and each member of the team scored each requirement using the following system:

Scoring
2 = Requirement helps meet objective/satisfy user
1 = Requirement partially helps meet objective/satisfy user
0 = Requirement does not help meet objective/satisfy user

scoring requirements
Figure 4 — scoring requirements.

It pays to take your time through this exercise — the more precise you can be when using this scoring system (e.g. "1.8" vs. "2.0"), the more useful the end results will be. Once all scores have been given, average them for each requirement and sort the results from highest to lowest. The spreadsheet we used also assigns a priority category to bands of requirements (C for critical, H, M and L for high, medium and low), which is very useful as well — because we want to stay focused on the system features and capabilities that are most important to the web team, to our end users and to Greenpeace, we'll focus our product evaluation on how well each CMS meets our most critical, highest priority requirements.

Endnotes:
1Project Management Institute. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK Guide - 3rd Edition. Pennsylvania: Project Management Institute, 2004. pp 371-372.

Download the spreadsheet discussed in this article: Excel template Requirements Prioritisation template (200 KB)

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Posted by Rob at 08:09 PM | Comments [0]

HOW TO Prioritise Requirements (Part I)

April 07, 2006

HOW TO | Projects | Tools & Techniques

When you're planning to implement a new piece of software, prioritising your requirements is really important because a) it helps you focus on the things that matter most and b) it makes selecting the right product way less of a crap shoot. But unless you follow a logically sound prioritisation process — one that all project stakeholders understand and buy into — prioritising requirements can become an arbitrary and unnecessarily emotional exercise (i.e. the exact opposite of what you want).

On the Greenpeace UK CMS project, we're currently defining the requirements for a new content management system (the existing system was developed in ColdFusion over 4 years ago and simply no longer meets its users' needs). Our plan is to evaluate 3 open source products and make a selection based on how well each product meets our top priority requirements — to do so, we're following a step-by-step process designed to keep us focused on the system features and capabilities that are most important to the web team, to our end users and to Greenpeace.

Step 1. Define and weight organizational objectives

Like I've said before, projects are undertaken to achieve strategic objectives. Greenpeace has a number of strategic objectives, one very important one being to win campaigns. At our away day meeting in February, we brainstormed on how the web team could help Greenpeace achieve this objective, performed a SWOT analysis, came up with a number of project ideas and decided that replacing the existing Greenpeace UK CMS with something better was the most important project for the web team to undertake at this time.

Having made the decision to take on a project (i.e. a temporary endeavour involving risk), teams should write down and distribute the organisational/team objectives the project is being undertaken to address. This will help ensure project stakeholders are on the same page, can help determine whether the project really should be undertaken at all and will factor into both requirements definition and prioritisation later on.

We defined 3 organisational objectives for the Greenpeace UK CMS project, and assigned weightings to each, according to how well we thought they could help us help Greenpeace win campaigns (see Figure 1, below):

  1. To make Greenpeace staff (and the organisation) more effective [weighting: 4]
  2. To communicate information more effectively [weighting: 3]
  3. To build/maintain the Greenpeace brand more effectively [weighting: 2]

Greenpeace UK organisational objectives

Figure 1 — defining and weighting organisational objectives.

Step 2. Identify and weight user types

Once organisational objectives have been defined and prioritised, identify and assign weightings to the types of users that will interact with the system you've decided to implement. Again, you want to do this because you want stakeholders to come to agreement on who the project is being undertaken to serve, and because you need to think about (and, where possible, directly involve) the users of the system in the requirements definition and prioritisation process.

Users are people/machines who/that interact with a given system — in the case of the Greenpeace UK CMS project, we identified 4 different user types, and weighted them according to their relative importance in achieving our overarching project objective of helping Greenpeace winning campaigns through the implementation of a better content management system (see Figure 2, below):

  1. Content editor [weighting: 3]
  2. User [weighting: 2]
  3. Supporter [weighting: 2]
  4. IS/IT person [weighting: 1]
Greenpeace UK user types
Figure 2 — defining and weighting user types.

To be continued Continued in HOW TO Prioritise Requirements (Part II)!

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Posted by Rob at 07:07 PM | Comments [2]

Greenpeace UK CMS Project

March 16, 2006

Projects | Tools & Techniques

Greenpeace UK office

Since my last entry, I've been retained by the Greenpeace UK web team to continue working with them on the project we started planning at our away day three weeks ago (also since my last entry, I've learned that "away day" is the term used for "offsite" over here). The project involves replacing the http://greenpeace.org.uk CMS — so far we've scheduled the following activities to take place between now and the beginning of June:


  • Define and prioritise the organisational/team objectives we're undertaking the project to achieve

  • Identify and prioritise the user types we're undertaking the project to serve

  • Define and prioritise our CMS requirements given the above

  • Develop and perform a CMS feature evaluation comparing 3 open source CMS products, given our prioritised requirements

  • Select an open source CMS product and (potentially) a vendor to work with to plan the design and implementation phases of the project, given the results of our feature evaluation

  • Develop a schedule and budget for the design and implementation phases of the project

To prioritise our CMS requirements we'll be using a technique I've used before — if time permits, I may publish it here in steps as part of another HOW TO :)

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Posted by Rob at 03:24 PM | Comments [2]

(Strategic) Project Planning with Greenpeace

February 27, 2006

Projects | Tools & Techniques | Training

Greenpeace

I spent the day on Friday of last week co-facilitating an offsite meeting of the Greenpeace UK web team with team manager (and fellow Canadian), Tracy Frauzel. Great day, fantastic group of people, and in my books, a really good meeting — we met to define the objectives, high-level requirements, and critical success factors for a web project the team plans to undertake, but made sure to spend some time talking about (and mapping what we came up with onto) the strategic objectives of Greenpeace as an organization as well. This is an often skipped but important step in the project planning process given the fact that organizations always and only undertake projects in order to achieve strategic objectives (and that, in this sense, strategic planning is always done for project management — see Kerzner's Strategic Planning for Project Management for more on this).

Tracy — thanks again for the opportunity to work with you and your team, and Andrew, Bex, Jamie and Joss — it was great meeting you and I look forward to seeing you again soon :)

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Posted by Rob at 05:01 PM | Comments [0]

HOW TO Manage Collaborative Software Projects

February 16, 2006

Friends & Allies | HOW TO | Projects | Tools & Techniques

Some time ago, I was commissioned by Katrin Verclas of Aspiration to write an article on collaborative software projects, using two (partially) failed projects as examples of what not to do. It's been a long time coming, and in the end, involved collaborating with Important Projects ally Phil Dwyer to complete, but here it is, what I hope will be the first in a series of HOW TO articles published on this site under a Creative Commons license:

PDF document HOW TO Manage Collaborative Software Projects (148 KB)

Recommendations made in the article for the successful management of collaborative software projects:

  1. Design a Structure
  2. Establish a "Leader"/Facilitator
  3. Define Roles and Responsibilities
  4. Consider User Needs and Types
  5. Prioritise Requirements
  6. Identify Common Goals
  7. Leverage Experience
  8. Plan for Training

Enjoy! Very interested in any feedback you might have as well :)

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Posted by Rob at 03:11 PM | Comments [2]

Constraints are Liberating

February 15, 2006

Conferences | Tools & Techniques

constraints are liberating

So I made it to the Future of Web Apps Summit last week, and although my question for the panel wasn't asked (which isn't surprising given what turned out to be the focus of the conference — not "how Web 2.0 applications are changing the way people interact online," but rather, "how to build a business around the fact that they are"), I did get the chance to speak briefly with David Hansson of 37signals about project management software (and whether they plan to build scheduling functionality into Basecamp, which they don't). It's interesting — despite feeling excluded by his definition of the open source "community" (i.e. that it is only "solutions to problems of contributors"), and although some of the slides from his presentation reminded me of 1984, I agree with a lot of what he has to say (e.g. constraints are liberating — they allow us to focus on what is to/can be done), even if he doesn't believe project baselines are necessary :)

In terms of writing up notes from the conference, Simon Willison has done an amazing job here, and rumour has it podcasts of the presentations given will be made are available on the summit site in the near future.

P.S. 37signals has announced the launch of Campfire today, their "real-time web-based group chat tool for business." I participated in some load testing of the product last week, and it's pretty awesome.

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Posted by Rob at 05:02 PM | Comments [0]

Project Management Templates

December 21, 2005

Tools & Techniques

Just a quick note to let people know I've posted the set of project management templates I use most often under /resources/project management for all to download and enjoy. They're organized by process group, and can generally be applied to projects in the order in which they're listed — initiating processes, where planned outcomes are described, followed by planning processes, where scope, time and cost are defined, followed by executing processes, where the plan is put into action, followed by monitoring & controlling processes, where progress is tracked and lessons learned are documented. I'll post again when I've added templates for use during the closing processes :)

And as always, if you have any questions when using these tools please don't hesitate to send me an email. I'll do my best to respond within a day or so — maybe a bit longer over the holidays ;)

Enjoy!

Posted by Rob at 05:46 PM | Comments [0]

Web-based Project Management Tools

December 12, 2005

Friends & Allies | Tools & Techniques

I spent some quality time on Friday afternoon at the Bryght offices in Vancouver, chatting with Boris Mann, Kris Krug and André Charland about the current state of web-based project management tools and the as-of-yet unmet needs of the not-for-profit sector. Web-based tools like Basecamp, Tasks Pro, Airset and even Remember the Milk all provide decent task management functionality, but where do not-for-profit project managers go when they need actual project scheduling functionality on the web? Or are we simply not building realistically achievable (i.e. resource- leveled) schedules, because tools like Microsoft Project are too difficult to use, too expensive, and don't run on Macs?

Do you currently build resource-leveled schedules, save baselines and track progress against them? If so, are you using a web-based tool to do this? And if so, which tool are you using? What's working well for you and what isn't (and why)?

Posted by Rob at 03:24 PM | Comments [0]

Getting Things Done: Managing Software, People and Projects

September 23, 2005

Conferences | Friends & Allies | Time Management | Tools & Techniques | Training

Rolf, Shannon and I delivered our workshop to a roomful of amazing Web of Changers yesterday afternoon here on Cortes. One of the interesting things we learned in developing the content for the workshop was that the debate I think Phillip Smith thought would be created by pairing a couple of project managers with a community development facilitation expert didn't actually happen. Instead, we agreed with each other — for Rolf, Shannon and I, project management tools and techniques, "traditional" or otherwise, can be applied to community development and/or open source projects because project management is about just that — the appropriate application of skills, knowledge, tools and techniques :)

Phillip — care to argue otherwise?

Posted by Rob at 07:44 PM | Comments [0]